General Education Institutions Research Articles

ЕЛЕКТРОННИЙ ЖУРНАЛ  ЯК ІНСТРУМЕНТ ЦИФРОВОЇ ОСВІТНЬОЇ КОМУНІКАЦІЇ: РЕЗУЛЬТАТИ ВСЕУКРАЇНСЬКОГО ОПИТУВАННЯ

The article provides a definition of digital educational communication and considers the issue of using an electronic class register in general secondary education institutions as a digital tool necessary for organizing the educational process in modern conditions. The main advantages and features of the implementation of an electronic class register during distance learning are highlighted. The results of an all-Ukrainian survey of pedagogical workers regarding the use of electronic class register were analyzed and given, during which attention was paid to such aspects as: convenience, correspondence of electronic class register to the paper version, efficiency of using the digital tool, available sections and functionality. On a positive note, the majority of respondents are adopting electronic class registers and consider them to be a necessary tool nowadays, with about half of respondents indicating that they help teachers use their working time effectively. On the other hand, the study shows that the use of electronic class registers has a downside, such as duplicating information on paper, which is required by the administration of the educational institutions, and that is a waste of time. It was found that almost all electronic class registers need some improvement. It was established that they lack some sections, a mobile application or its limited functions or an inconvenient interface, the lack of an opportunity to generate a new sample report card (NUSH), as well as existing problems with the division of the class into subgroups, the correct calculation of the thematic evaluation, transfer of evaluations when a student is transferred to another class or a subgroup, etc. Attention is focused on the need for developers to take into account the comments of practicing teachers in order to improve the quality of a modern digital tool. In general, the results of the study indicate the expediency of involving pedagogical workers in the design of electronic class registers in the future and the need to make certain decisions regarding the improvement of the legal framework for the control of this digital tool and the proper preservation of personal data of students at the state level.

TOOLS FOR DEVELOPING STUDENTS` CRITICAL THINKING IN ART LESSONS IN GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION

The relevance of the development of critical thinking among modern students has been determined. The definition of “critical thinking” by well-known researchers is considered, the purpose and tasks, development tools, and conditions for creating an environment for the development of critical thinking are defined. The practical methods of developing critical thinking, which are used in the lessons of musical literacy and practical music making, are substantiated. The question of the formation of critical thinking of students of general secondary education institutions by interactive methods (game, intellectual, artistic association, theatricalization, practical-artistic, socially significant activity, information, activation of independent work, reflection) and with the participation of information technology was studied.

University presidents’ international education experience and the internationalization of higher education institutions: a study of leadership in China

ABSTRACT In the context of deepening globalization, accelerating the internationalization of higher education is the core development mission and important development mode of higher education today. This study investigates the impact of university presidents’ international education experience on the associated Chinese institutions’ internationalization. Based on imprinting theory, we argue that international education experiences received during sensitive periods leave an imprint on presidents concerning overseas countries, which may further impact their cognitive structures, enabling them to make strategic decisions conducive to international expansion. We manually collected multidimensional data from 868 Chinese general higher education institutions (HEIs) and 1,863 university presidents between 2001 and 2017. The results reveal that university presidents’ international education experiences significantly enhance the level of internationalization in HEIs. Additionally, when the country where presidents obtained international experiences has a closer cultural distance to China or the government in the location where presidents serve shows greater attention to higher education, can strengthen the positive impact of presidents’ international experiences on HEIs internationalization. This study makes important theoretical contributions to leadership literature, internationalization of higher education literature, and imprinting theory. It also has practical significance for the development and promotion of university presidents.

Indicators of health groups of pupils of general education organizations of the Russian Ministry of Defense (2010–2022)

BACKGROUND: Currently, there are 33 educational organizations of the Russian Ministry of Defense in Russia with a total staff of about 18 thousand students studying around the clock
 AIM: to assess the dynamics of the health status of students in educational institutions of the Russian Ministry of Defense for 12 years from 2010/2011 to 2021/2022 academic year.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied reports on Form 13К/МЕД, prepared by employees of educational organizations of the Russian Ministry of Defense, and calculated the dynamics of the level of assessments of the health status of students. The article presents arithmetic averages and their errors; the development of health groups was assessed using time series analysis, for which a second-order polynomial series was used.
 RESULTS: In general educational institutions, there were 25.3 ± 0.9% of pupils with health group I, 60.7 ± 0.6% with group II, and 14.0 ± 1.2% with group III. In recent years, there has been a tendency to increase the number of pupils with health groups I and II and decrease with group III. These results indicated a properly organized educational process and optimization of medical support for students. The most positive dynamics of health status were observed in pupils aged 10–12 years, less pronounced — in pupils aged 16–18 years.
 CONCLUSIONS: In some educational organizations of the Russian Ministry of Defense during the period studied, there were not entirely favorable trends in the organization of medical support for students, which aims at more personalized work with students.

Physical fitness of youth students and state of readiness for military service

Among the main state tasks of improving the physical education system, experts single out the orientation of the programmatic and normative foundations of the physical education system of different age groups of the population. Physical fitness and readiness of schoolchildren for military service is a very relevant issue not only in the discussed and mechanisms of action. In the context of our state, the physical training of schoolchildren today is primarily the ability of citizens to protect, defend the territorial integrity of Ukraine and ensure the borders defined by international law. The presented vision regarding the physical fitness of its members and the model of physical fitness of student youth. The preparation of youth for military service is emphasized on the following points: in modern conditions, the preparation of Ukrainian citizens for military service is one of the main directions of state policy, and therefore the preparation of youth for the defense of the Motherland remains one of the factors of strengthening the state's defense capability; Currently, there is a positive trend in the attitude of citizens towards the need for initial military physical training in general educational institutions. This indicates the need to strengthen military-patriotic work with students; in the conditions of an increase in military personnel who serve under a contract, as well as a reduction in the terms of service under the draft, the question of the mobilization reserve often arises. The model of the physical training system in the military, which should be oriented towards a high initial level of physical fitness of the youth, intensification of the physical training process, increasing the level of general physical fitness of servicemen, priority development of the military-applied orientation of the physical training process, sports orientation of the physical training process, ensuring the functional readiness of the body each serviceman to perform service and combat tasks. The contribution of each component of the integral assessment of the physical readiness of young people, such as general physical fitness, special physical fitness, military- applied physical fitness and the state of the cardiovascular system, was determined. Filling the model with specific results in motor tests to determine the sufficiency or insufficiency of certain aspects of preparedness and the orientation of the means of physical training of an individual young man to achieve the appropriate standards.

Research of the Problems of Professional Support for Teachers in the Implementation of Inclusive Education

Professional support for teachers plays a crucial role in the implementation of inclusive education. In the study, the concept of “professional support for teachers” refers to the existence of close social ties between the administration (school principal and his deputies), colleagues, parents of children with SEN, and teachers of postgraduate pedagogical education institutions, who are the main resource for professional support. The aim of the study was to identify current problems of professional support for teachers of inclusive education in a general secondary education institution. It is established that the administration of the institution is mainly interested in the formation of additional competencies of teachers. The problems in which teachers need professional support are identified, in particular: increasing incentives to work with children with SEN; involving special educators in the provision of correctional and developmental services; providing funding for institutions to create an inclusive educational environment; conducting educational work with parents to form adequate expectations of their children; providing teachers with practical advice on minimizing unwanted behavior and modifying educational material for children with intellectual difficulties and autism spectrum disorders. It was found that the activity and motivation of parents of children with SEN to cooperate plays an exceptional role in providing support to teachers.

The influence of oral breathing type on the formation of occlusion
 in students of general educational institutions
 of the Ministry of Defense of Russia

Relevance. Among the students, the morbidity of the respiratory organs is (1543.5±74.5)‰ with a share of 56.7% in the structure of all primary morbidity. Against the background of partial (complete) obstruction of the nasopharynx, a mouth-breathing type is formed, which affects not only the health conditions but also the growth and development of the facial skeleton. Objective — to evaluate the influence of mouth-breathing type on dental-alveolar and skeletal parameters in the maxillofacial region of students in general educational institutions of the Russian Ministry of Defense.
 Materials and methods. 30 students from the first group with a history of mouth-breathing type and 30 patients in the second group with a nasal-breathing type (13–15 years old) were examined using basic and additional research methods (cone-beam computed tomography in natural occlusion with a resolution of 17 × 15).
 Results. Among the students with a mouth-breathing type, distal bite was present in 100.0%; frontal region malocclusion in 56.7%; tight positioning of the anterior tooth group in 93.3%; unilateral in 30.0% and bilateral in 13.3% of crossbite on the background of narrowing of the upper and lower jaws. In most cases, students in the first group were diagnosed with a gnathic form of dentofacial anomaly (ANB parameter was (6.6±2.4)°, Beta parameter — (24.7±3.1)° with retro-positioning of the lower jaw — SNB parameter was (75.4±2.8)°.
 Conclusion. Mouth-breathing type is accompanied by the development of distoocclusion with the formation of a gap vertically, as well as the presence of crossbite in lateral regions and tight positioning of the anterior tooth group on the background of narrowing the upper and lower jaws. Diagnosing pathology of the upper respiratory tract will help prevent the development of maxillofacial disorders. For the treatment of patients in this group, it is necessary to involve an ENT specialist.

LED light sources with a sun-like emission spectrum for children’s institutions

The article looks more like a scientific-theoretical than an experimental one, so it is proposed to remove the IMRAD structure, especially since it is given only in the summary, but not in the article itself.
 “In Russia, under the national project “Education”, a large-scale program for the construction of schools is underway. About 700 schools have already been built, and if in general for all programs, this is 900 schools..... Many schools have swimming pools, modern canteens...” noted the head of the relevant ministry at a meeting with the President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin at the beginning of 2023. In total, about 750 billion rubles were allocated to finance the program for the construction of new schools. (it includes 454 billion from the federal budget). In total, it is planned to build 1,300 educational institutions, which will have more than 1 million places. In addition to the construction of new schools, the plan provides for the implementation of a program of capital repairs and technical renovation of existing general education institutions by the end of 2026: it will include 7,300 buildings. The pace of capital renovations has also accelerated in 2022–2023: three thousand buildings will be renovated, mainly in rural areas. By 2024, all 27 thousand rural schools, according to modern requirements, will be equipped with modern equipment. In modern schools, it is planned to equip computer classes with modern computing equipment, and energy saving plans provide for the widespread use of LED lighting. The reasons for the negative effects of the light spectrum of LED lighting and personal computer monitors on the health 
 of children and adolescents, in particular the increase in myopia, have not yet been sufficiently studied.
 Analytical, sociological, and statistical methods were used.
 The relationship between physiological and behavioural factors that may lead to decreased vision is described. The restructuring of the work of the visual analyzer, associated with the selection of information in accordance with the models proposed in the social environment has been suggested to contribute to the formation 
 of myopia; with a decrease in one’s own search activity with increased myopia; with an increase in the functioning of internal information processing systems and 
 a decrease in the systems of perception and implementation of actions.
 Limitations. The study was limited to the area of study of the subject of research, materials from the Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Global Health, CyberLeninka, RSCI databases and our own experiments.
 Conclusion. The spectral composition of artificial light and its intensity give rise to the prerequisites for the development of myopia or another functional-structural response in the variety of ganglion, amacrine cells, and receptors in the visual analyzer of multicellular animals. The narrow and incomplete spectrum of light from domestic LED lamps cannot be a good choice for the prevention of myopia in children. Considering the diversity of opsins in the human visual analyzer, we have developed and manufactured an artificial, light source using LEDs and phosphors, the spectrum of which considers the spectral photosensitivity of opsins in the human eye and is close as possible to the spectrum of sunlight at a correlated colour temperature of about 4000 and 3000 K. The first one has now been manufactured a batch of lamps, the spectral composition of the emitted light of which has no analogues and is ahead of the world’s best samples in terms of spectrum composition and efficiency level. The spectrum of this light source was demonstrated in a presentation at the Erisman Readings 2023. To elucidate the biological mechanisms of the development of myopia in children, additional efforts are needed within the framework of a new scientific direction - evolutionary hygiene. This will make it possible to establish how small changes in the composition of the light spectrum (emission in the region of 410–450 nm, dip in the region of 480 nm and absence of 380 nm) of artificial sources influenced catastrophic (chaotic) changes at the genetic level of humans and the entire living world.

The governance of general education institutions: perspectives of the key players

Vietnam's general education institutions are undergoing a significant transformation to meet the demands of the new policy system in terms of governance and to make internal changes to be able to meet society's demands as well. However, the content and concept of governance are still quite novel in the perception and operation of parents of students, professional groups, administrators, principals, vice principals, and other stakeholders who are primarily responsible for the institutions' operation. To determine how these participants understand the elements of the notion of "governance", an online survey was conducted. The responses were then collected and processed by Excel software. The findings indicate that these respondents' levels of awareness are generally similar, with a mean of over 4.3 on a five-level Likert scale. However, most noticeably, the professional group has a higher level of awareness than the other groups. Additional research is required on certain features of governance awareness and the connection between governance aspects and issues at institutions of general education.

Statistical indicators of dental disease prevalence among students of general educational institutions of the Ministry of Defense of Russia

BACKGROUND: Currently, there are 33 general educational institutions of the Ministry of Defense of Russia, with around 18000 students who are part of the personnel reserve aimed at enhancing the country's defense capability.GOAL: To evaluate the medical-statistical indicators of dental disease prevalence among students, which can be used to optimize dental care in the general educational institutions of the Ministry of Defense of Russia.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed the dental disease prevalence (ICD-10 codes K00-K14) among students from the academic years 2009/2010 to 2021/2022 using the reporting form 13K/MED approved by the Main Military Medical Directorate of the Ministry of Defense of Russia, as well as during annual medical examinations. The level of dental disease prevalence was calculated per mil (‰). The results were tested for the normal distribution of characteristics. The text includes the mean values and their errors.RESULTS: The average annual level of total dental disease prevalence or incidence among students was (1687.9 ± 16.0) ‰, and for primary dental disease it was (563.4 ± 12.2) ‰. This was significantly higher by an order of magnitude compared to previously examined conscripted military personnel, achieved through personalized approaches and strict medical-statistical accounting. There were no statistically significant differences in dental disease prevalence indicators among different age groups of students. A decrease in both total and primary dental disease prevalence rates has been observed in recent years. The average annual percentage of students requiring oral cavity sanitation was (40.9 ± 1.2) %, and those who underwent sanitation was (75.4 ± 1.8) %. The proportion of sanitized students in the 16-18 age group was significantly higher than in younger age groups (p 0.001).CONCLUSION: Medical-statistical indicators should be used to optimize dental care in the general educational institutions of the Ministry of Defense of Russia.

Тарих пәнін оқытудағы методологияның орны

The article summarizes the methodological value of the technology of teaching students in general educational institutions and universities in the context of the formation of historical knowledge as the basis of civic identity. One of the main tasks of the discipline was formulated – the subtext of methodological orientation. The place of approaches in cognition that cause the causes of exacerbation was also shown. The logic and significance of methodological approaches are analyzed and presented in action. For the purposes of Kazakh studies, a universally pluralistic approach «civilization» is proposed, which can bring the subject of history closer together as an instrument of consolidation in objective analysis, evaluation, formulation. In the systematization of the historical process and trends, their features and levels were highlighted

WEB QUEST TECHNOLOGY AS A TOOL FOR THE FORMATION OF IT COMPETENCE OF EDUCATION SEEKERS IN PHYSICS CLASSES

The article reveals the relevance and peculiarities of the application of the "Web Quest" technology in the educational process of general secondary education institutions. The main goal of the research consists in improving the methodical system of competence- oriented teaching of physics based on the "Web-Quest" technology. During the research, the methods of comparative analysis, graphical display of results, visualization method, method of systematization, method of processing survey results and method of summarizing research results were used. A key aspect of this technology is the consideration of students as equal co-participants in the educational process, which involves a mutual relationship where the teacher and students together make decisions, determine goals and methods of achieving educational results. An analysis of the latest research is provided, which testifies to the effectiveness of using the "Web-Quest" technology for the formation of information and digital competence of students, increasing students' interest in the subject, developing critical thinking and independence. An example of the use of an educational web quest in physics on the topic "The influence of a magnetic field on living organisms" is given. The stages of students' work on tasks are revealed. R is elaborated methodical tips for teachers of features designing lessons in physics by application educational Web quest.

Implementation of Language Policy in USSR in 1930s (Buryat-Mongolian Language)

The study focuses on analyzing the development of the Buryat-Mongolian language and writing system amidst socio-cultural transformations during the Soviet period. Textbooks, methodological guides, as well as ethnographic and sociolinguistic reports from the 1930s, serve as the research materials. Educational materials on teaching methods for the Buryat-Mongolian language and writing in general education institutions are of research interest for analyzing approaches to practical implementation of the educational process and material content. This historical period is marked by the transformation of societal structures resulting from extensive sociopolitical processes not only in our country but also in the Mongolian People’s Republic and the People’s Republic of China. The Soviet leadership reasonably paid special attention to eradicating illiteracy and implementing language policy in the country. It was revealed that education in the Buryat-Mongolian ASSR faced linguistic, methodological, and staffing contradictions. The process of studying the native language underwent systematic reforms within a relatively short historical period. The traditional Old Mongolian script was replaced by Latin in 1931 and then by Cyrillic in 1939, leading to a decline in educational quality. Such transitions were accompanied by restructuring educational and methodological aspects of the educational process.

Problems of introducing boxing into the system of physical education in educational institutions of Ukraine: the impact on health aspect

The presented work deals with a topical issue for the educational space of modern Ukraine. Considering the fact that Ukrainian society has been facing difficulties caused by the pandemic and the invasion of enemy forces on the territory of the Motherland for several years in a row, the issue of proper physical development of society is extremely important. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the approach to physical education at all levels of education in Ukraine. The authors of this publication propose developing a program component for physical education based on the sport discipline of boxing. An extremely important aspect of this sport was analyzed - its impact on human health. Both negative and positive effects of such an influence were taken into account. It is noted that in boxing, the most significant factor of negative impact on health is the risk of injuries. Cases of upper limb and head injuries are particularly common. Repeated head trauma is a separate problem. At the same time, the positive effects of boxing on the physical fitness of people were revealed, namely, the improvement of the functional capabilities of the musculoskeletal system and the respiratory system. In conclusion, the author's team formulated and proposed key principles based on which it is possible to successfully introduce boxing into the educational environment of Ukraine. It is assumed that by following these principles, it is possible to supplement the current system of physical education in general secondary education institutions with another promising component, which in turn can have a positive effect on the physical education system in higher education institutions. Provided that this program component is systematically used in schools, it will allow the preparation of a generation of physically developed and mentally stable young people with basic self-defense skills. It is also assumed that this component will generate interest among a significant number of students in becoming athlete-boxers, which will have a positive impact on personal growth.

Formation of Information and Digital Competence of the Modern Teacher of the New Ukrainian School

The article examines modern trends in the creation of an informational educational space, the issue of the introduction of information and digital technologies that ensure effective interaction of individuals in society; the essence of the concept of "informational and digital competence" of the teacher of the New Ukrainian School, the structure of the informational and digital competence of the teacher based on integration, namely: technological literacy, deepening of knowledge, creation of means of information provision of the needs of humanity, with the help of technical means; an analysis of international and domestic legal documents regarding the formation of information and digital competence of teachers was carried out. It was determined that in the conditions of the reform of modern education in Ukraine, the formation of the teacher's information and digital competence becomes relevant, and the specific tasks of the development of the educational process during the implementation of the Concept of the New Ukrainian School in general secondary education institutions, where information and digital competence is one of the professional skills of the teacher, are outlined. , the ability to apply information and communication technologies in the educational process of an educational institution, and the ability to receive information and operate it according to one's own needs and requirements in the development of programs, documents, and organization of cooperation. Priorities, technological principles of building an information and educational environment, implementation of effective methods of teaching and access to knowledge, formation of information and digital competencies of the teacher, which is a powerful tool that contributes to the improvement of the process of creation, storage, processing, and distribution of educational materials, intensification of the educational process, increase speed and quality of perception, understanding and assimilation of knowledge by students, as well as joint work with them; the definition of the concept of "information and digital competence" is clarified. The Digital Competence Framework for pedagogical workers is an important tool for the creation of educational standards, assistance in the creation and planning of educational initiatives aimed at increasing the level of digital literacy and the practical use of IT technology tools and services, the development of educational programs by providers of educational services (DigCompEdu), developed European Joint Research Center; their main provisions, the views of researchers regarding the information and digital competence of the teacher, defined according to the professional standard of the teacher, are disclosed because the use of digital technologies in education is currently one of the most important and stable trends in the development of the global educational process.

ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ ДОЦІЛЬНОСТІ ЗМІН У КАДРОВОМУ МЕНЕДЖМЕНТІ ЗАГАЛЬНОГО ЗАКЛАДУ СЕРЕДНЬОЇ ОСВІТИ: ВІД ТРАДИЦІЙ ДО ГЕНДЕРНОГО ПІДХОДУ

The article considers the expediency of using a gender approach in the management of a general secondary education institution instead of traditional management. It is emphasized that equal conditions of education and training of education seekers should form their equal opportunities. It is noted that professionalism has no gender. It was determined that social stereotypes, which are inherent in the societies of many countries, exist to this day. And if we trace the path of their formation, we will see that it is the school that plays a significant role here. The basic law of the state recognizes that a person is the highest social value. Therefore, education, combining national-cultural and universal human values, should create equal, favorable conditions for the formation of an individual who will recognize the rights of all members of society. Such a person should be the builder of a democratic society. One of such social values is gender equality. It is emphasized that ensuring equal rights of women and men is a fundamentally important component of democratization processes, a marker of Ukraine's European choice, which must be implemented to ensure gender equality; the specifics of applying the gender approach in personality formation are analyzed. It is noted that the emergence of gender educational technologies is connected with the growth of contradictions between the reproduction of patriarchal stereotypes in the interaction of the sexes and the real transformation of gender relations in modern Ukrainian society. One of the tasks facing the Ukrainian scientific school in matters of personnel management is taking into account the peculiarities of the Ukrainian mentality. It was determined that the gender approach in pedagogy is the analysis and reconstruction of the factors of the educational process in the direction of neutralizing gender stereotypes, increasing the social space for the comprehensive development of the individual. The implementation of this task requires great efforts, since the school and teachers remain global bearers of traditional patriarchal ideas about the role and place of men and women in society.

Дослідницька діяльність як невід’ємна складова шкільної біологічної освіти

The article defines the place of research activity in teaching biology in general secondary education, characterizes the components of research activity. The role and possibilities of research activity in the study of biology in the New Ukrainian School are shown. The purpose of the article was to find out the place of research activities during biology lessons in the context of STEM education and its place in school biology education. The following methods were used in the study: theoretical - processing of scientific sources, determining the place of research activity as a component of school biology education; empirical - observation, study of research results, which ensured the determination of the place of research activity in the study of biology at school. The study analyzed model biology programs and determined the place of research tasks in them. The advantages and disadvantages of using research tasks in the study of biology in general secondary education are clarified. It is substantiated that in STEM education, the student becomes not a customer of knowledge but a consumer, and the role of the teacher changes accordingly - he or she becomes a mentor, explaining how to use the potential of technology for their own needs and the needs of society. According to this system of education, the lesson is centered on a research and practical task that needs to be solved, not the teacher as it was before. It is clarified that the main role in teaching biology in general secondary education institutions, and, accordingly, in the training of students - future biology teachers, is played by the introduction of STEM education, which has a practical orientation and includes solving the problems of training an education applicant who is aware of his social responsibility, systematically improves personal and professional growth, and reaches new pedagogical heights.

The use of active teaching methods in the process of studying school geography courses

The article discusses the role of active teaching methods in the educational process of geography, which contribute to activating students’ cognitive activity, preparing them for lifelong self-education, and ensuring the effectiveness and efficiency of knowledge acquisition. The study utilized theoretical methods, namely general scientific methods of investigating reality, comparative-historical and structural methods, as well as empirical methods: surveys, discussions, interviews; observational (observation, self-observation); practimetric (analysis of advanced and mass pedagogical experience, analysis of activity results).Experimental work was carried out in general secondary education institutions in Vinnytsia city and Vinnytsia region.Various views of scientists and respondents on the substantive essence of the concept of «active teaching methods» have been considered. An analysis of the results of a ascertainment experiment was carried out, during which the real state of the problem in teaching practice was clarified. In particular, during discussions, observations in classes, conducting independent work, surveys of teachers and students, we concluded that at the present stage in the educational process of geography, various active forms and methods of teaching are used. However, their advantages and disadvantages are not always taken into account, often the substantive essence is distorted by teachers, thus the effectiveness is neutralized. Many respondents do not associate deep, thoughtful assimilation of knowledge with the need to organize students’ search activities. Therefore, methods that stimulate active independent creative work of students in geography lessons are underestimated. It is noted that active learning is associated by modern students with creativity, innovation, independence, critical thinking, development of communicative abilities, group activities, ability to substantiate their own position, self-confidence, diversity of opinions, peer learning.Methodological features of applying active and interactive teaching methods in geography lessons have been determined, including research, partially search, brainstorming, educational discussion, analysis of problematic situations, intellectual warm-ups, role-playing games. The motives for their implementation, advantages and disadvantages have been identified. In further research, more attention should be paid to the use of interactive teaching methods, STEM technologies in the process of studying geography to unleash the creative potential of students, and to foster critical thinking on this basis.

Analysis of physical activity programs in general secondary education institutions of EU countries

The purpose of the work is to analyze physical activity programs in institutions of general secondary education in EU countries. Methodology. To achieve the goal, the following research methods were used: analysis and generalization of data from scientific and methodological literature, documentary materials, and Internet sources.The methodology of scientific research is determined by the need to analyze the generalization and systematization of data regarding the experience of European countries in reforming the organization and ensuring the potential of the system of physical education of schoolchildren, which can be used in the practice of the New Ukrainian School.
 The basis of the research methodology is the dialectical method (a method of studying, revealing patterns, trends of development and transformation of reality, which uses the basic laws of dialectics), the scientific method of cognition (a set of basic ways of obtaining new knowledge and methods of solving problems) and a systematic approach that considers the object (system) as a whole set of elements in a set of relations and connections between them.
 The methodological basis of the study was: the methodological foundations of the theory and methods of physical education and sports, which laid down the target guidelines of health-preserving technologies and their fundamental principles.
 The scientific novelty consists in the analysis of physical activity programs in general secondary education institutions of the EU countries.
 Conclusions. A description of physical activity programs in the educational sector of the EU member states and data on a number of indicators (physical education lessons, active movement to general secondary education institutions, physical education breaks, extracurricular sports events) are presented, which allow monitoring of physical education activities in primary and secondary grades. in EU countries.

Studying teachers` readiness for implementing the problem of military-patriotic education among high school students: organization and results of the all-ukrainian survey

The article aims to present the results of an All-Ukrainian survey of teachers from institutions of general secondary education on the problem of military-patriotic education among high school students.
 The All-Ukrainian survey of teachers was conducted nationwide from October to November 2023 (during the ascertainment stage of the research) with the support of regional administrations and local education departments.
 The All-Ukrainian survey was carried out within the framework of the applied research topic “Organizational-Pedagogical Conditions and Technologies for Ensuring the Unity of Physical and Military-Patriotic Education of Students of Institutions of General Secondary Education” based on the Laboratory of National-Patriotic Education of the Institute of Problems on Education of the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine (the head is L.V. Kanishevska, Doctor of Sciences in Education, Professor). The organizers of the All-Ukrainian survey of teachers were L. V. Kanishevska – Doctor of Sciences in Education, Professor; V.V. Ragozina – Ph.D., Senior Researcher.
 21665 teachers from 19 regions of Ukraine participated in the All-Ukrainian survey. Such a sample ensures the reliability of the survey results on the problem of military-patriotic education. Teachers participated in the survey voluntarily.
 The diagnostic toolkit was developed in Google Forms and presented in digital format (on Google Drive). Access to the questionnaires was provided to respondents by sending appropriate invitations.
 The questionnaire for teachers was aimed to determine the educators’ readiness to implement the problem of military- patriotic education among high school students. For this purpose, the questionnaire included questions regarding the forms and methods used for implementing military-patriotic education in lessons and extracurricular activities, as well as students’ interest in military-patriotic content.
 The research only covers some aspects of addressing the multifaceted issue of high school students’ military-patriotic education in martial law conditions. We see the perspective of further research in developing and testing organizational and pedagogical conditions to ensure the unity of physical and military-patriotic education of high school students in martial law conditions.